The Affirmative Action Debate Essay - 1773 Words

The Affirmative Action Debate Most Americans desire a colorblind society. A society where individuals are judged upon merit, as opposed to the color of their skin. That is the reason Affirmative Action was birthed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964. That is also the reason that Proposition 209 was voted for in 1996. These two historical events are driven by the desire of equality. What is Affirmative Action? According to Geraldine Leshin, it is Taking positive or active steps to accomplish the public policy goal of equal employment opportunity. What is Proposition 209? Its a new law that has been passed that prohibits the state of California and local governments from discriminating against or granting†¦show more content†¦With contracting,, affirmative action helps firms owned by women and minorities, or firms that can show a disadvantage(Lemann, 110) Affirmative action in education also reaches out to disabled students, women, minorities, economically disadvantaged students, veterans, etc. It helps them in many ways like: early outreach programs, recruitment and retention programs, efforts in admissions to diversify the student population, and specific financial aid opportunities.(Edwards, 213) So as you can see, Affirmative action was proposed and accepted for a great many reasons that constantly create controversy. Not only minorities have supported affirmative action. Most people would imagine all minorities love affirmative action and strongly voted for it and thats why it passed. Thats part of the reason, but we must not forget two major supporters of Affirmative action. One of these supporters is an unsuspected group of men; namely, the Angry White Guys for Affirmative Action. Yes, a group of white men! These men are angry because they feel that being a white man gives them more privileges than are fair. Paul Rockwell, the president of Angry White Guys for Affirmative Action says: We hear a lot about angry white males today. Well, we too are angry white males. But contrary to the caricature, weShow MoreRelated The Affirmative Action Debate Essay1642 Words   |  7 Pagesthis essay, affirmative action in education is defined as: â€Å"policies and programs designed to advance equality of educationalopportunity for individuals from groups that have suffered systematic historical discrimination† (Mickelson 29). What is being referred to here is race-based affirmative action, or the act of taking into consideration an applicant’s race in the college admissions process. This is a hot topic all over the United States and has been for quite a while, the debate raging betweenRead MoreThe Debate over Affirmative Action1307 Words   |  5 Pagesthan the debate over affirmative action. Although the United States has made great strides in improving race relations over the past forty years, affirmative action continues to be one of the most contr oversial policies in America. It has rattle the halls of higher education. It has appeared on the steps of the Supreme Court. And it has divided not only different racial groups, but even members of a single racial group. In fact, I’ve heard some of the most heated conversation over affirmative actionRead MoreThe Influence of Political Debates on Affirmative Action736 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Political Debates On Affirmative Action, Reparations and Welfare The Influence On Political Realignments of Black and White Americans During the Reagan, Bush, and Clinton Administrations The objective of this study is to examine the influence of political debates on affirmative action, reparations, and welfare on political realignments of black and white Americans during the Reagan, Bush, and Clinton Administrations. It is reported that gains made by African Americans during the decades of theRead MoreAffirmative Action: the Topic of Debate for Many Years3498 Words   |  14 PagesAffirmative action has been the topic of debate for many years. It has been controversial because it has been said to be a form of reverse discrimination. This paper will discuss the purpose behind affirmative action, as well as, its various strengths and weaknesses. Also, this paper will look at the following issues surrounding affirmative action such as the incompetency myth ( are companies hiring less qualified people?), the impact on employment (what has changed in the work place?), the impactRead MoreAffirmative Action1559 Words   |  7 PagesRESEARCH PAPER AFFIRMATIVE ACTION INTRODUCTION Affirmative Action is an employment legislation protection system that is intended to address the systemized discrimination faced by women and minorities. It achieves this by enforcing diversity through operational intrusions into recruitment, selection, and other personnel functions and practices in America. Originally, Affirmative Action arose because of President Lyndon B. Johnson’s desire to integrate society on educationalRead MoreWhy We Still Need Affirmitive Action1493 Words   |  6 PagesWhy we still need affirmative action Because of the complex nature of the discussion on affirmative action and the controversies and the emotion surrounding it, it is imperative to first recap on the causes of race and inequality in the United States of America. The policies on affirmative action were proposed as a fractional remedy for the socio-economic impacts of past and present disadvantage faced by certain groups in the population, especially with regard to biases on gender and race. Such disadvantagesRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Affirmative Action Essay1667 Words   |  7 PagesEssay The Affirmative Action Debate Affirmative Action Defined Affirmative Action can be defined as â€Å"positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded (Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)†. However because those steps involve â€Å"preferential† selection affirmative action generates intense controversy (Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Affirmative Action (Negative)Read MoreThe Most Important Social Issue in America Today870 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle entitled Affirmative Action states that as representation of minorities and women became more and more necessary, a movement called affirmative action became an important issue. Affirmative action is not limited to the uplifting of certain genders and races, but it focuses on establishing standards of certain ethical codes. Affirmative action concentrates on a broad array of issues including equal opportunity, systematic exclusion, and diversity. Affirmative action thoroughly emphasizesRead MoreDoes Affirmative Action Make Moral Sense?1084 Words   |  5 PagesDoes affirmative action make moral sense? A moral being is one capable of conforming to the rules of right conduct, but a big question that follows concerns the idea if there even is such a thing as â€Å"right conduct.† â€Å"Whatever can be proved to be good, must be so by being shown to be a means to something admitted to be good† (Mill 6). In John Stuart Mill’s book, â€Å"Utilitarianism,† he states this notion where an individual assumes good things are good without knowing why they’re good. Defined fromRead MoreAffirmative Action And The Civil Rights And Equal Opportunity Legislation Of The 1960s958 Words   |  4 PagesAffirmative action is a program that serves to rectify the effects of purportedly past societal discrimination by allocating jobs and opportunities to minorities and women. Affirmative action programs were an outgrowth of the 1950s and 1960s civil rights movements and the Civil Rights and Equal Opportunity legislation of the 1960s. Close to fifty years later, the practice of affirmative action has been at the vanguard of intense debate more than any other time in its history. Hardly a week goes

Overpopulation Is Not The Problem - 1395 Words

Overpopulation Overpopulation is a prominent controversial topic among society, in which some believe the exponential growth of humanity is detrimental to its future, whereas others conclude this theory is a myth due to human nature and resources. In Isaac Asimov’s, â€Å"The Case Against Man†, he elucidated the verity of overpopulation, emphasizing that the disproportion of earth’s carrying capacity and its resources will inevitably lead to humanity’s demise. Introducing the notion that humanity â€Å"is one enormous intricately interrelated and interdependent system† (Asimov 431) and using science, mathematics, statistics, and analogies, Asimov declared the sole solution of overpopulation is increasing the number of deaths, or†¦show more content†¦With differing in some aspects and sharing some techniques, Ellis and Asimov effectively made their argument clear to readers based on the development and coherence of their articles, helping them create and e stablishing their voice and tone. Asimov’s structured his article in 3 main sections: from the past, prehistoric age, and to the present by talking of the current number of humans on earth and cancer. Ellis’s article is too structured in 3 main sections: the past, prehistoric age, and builds to modern age with estimated world population, and talk of the Food and Agriculture Organization. Being that he a biochemist and known for his high-volume science writings, Asimov utilizes ethos effectively, giving his argument credibility. Ellis also utilizes ethos, for being an associate professor of geography and environmental systems at the University of Maryland, trained as a biologist and researcher of ecology, gives his argument credibility as well. Taking distinctive approaches using science, Ellis’s and Asimov’s voice and tone differed. Asimov flow of words, using an articulate and sophisticated voice, created an eloquent and instructive tone. With language a nd diction such as imagination, nonsense, and a sense of humor and statements such as â€Å"there is only one earth, of course!†Show MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Overpopulation And Overpopulation1102 Words   |  5 PagesIreland in the 1720’s, poverty and overpopulation were at a problematic rate. Many of the people who lived in England were exiled to Ireland. Many of these Englishmen felt mistreated and wronged. Ireland was a colony to England. The people of England had more money and power than the people of Ireland because England controlled Ireland. Johnathon Swift, a satirical writer, wrote â€Å"A Modest Proposal† to show the flaws of the current solutions to the overpopulation and poverty crisis in Ireland. He wantedRead MoreOverpopulation : The Problem Of Overpopulation1251 Words   |  6 PagesOverpopulation: The Top Worry Yet to be Proven by the Worried The definition of hysteria is an exaggerated or uncontrollable emotion, usually found within groups of people. An example of hysteria includes overpopulation, the futuristic â€Å"problem† that is not and will not be a dilemma in the foreseeable future. Back in 15,000 B.C., the world population was five million. Today, it is a staggering seven billion plus. This has caused unease that overpopulation will be a problem for our future generationsRead MoreOverpopulation Is A Problem Of Overpopulation1529 Words   |  7 Pagesthe whole humankind. Overpopulation is a problem that every nation is facing but sometimes over looked by due to lack of understanding and awareness. This is a serious issue that should be taken care of immediately. Overpopulation is an undesirable situation where the number of existing human populace surpasses the carrying capability of Earth. There are main factors that are contributing overpopulation such as the rising birth rate and declining of mortality rate. Overpopulation occurs when the birthRead MoreOverpopulation And The Problem Of Overpopulation1388 Words   |  6 PagesTo begin with, in demography, the term overpopulation refers to a condition wherein the total population of a particular region far exceeds the carrying capacity of the region. Although the term by and large refers to the ratio between population and the available area, the ratio between the population and available resources cannot be ignored. First, the rate at which the population is growing; the data compiled by the United Nations shows that the world population grew by 30 percent betweenRead MoreOverpopulation And The Problem Of Overpopulation1747 Words   |  7 PagesOverpopulation Programs There are many organizations that deal with the problem of overpopulation or problems related to the effects of overpopulation such as environmental effects. Some of the organizations that I found related to this topic are the United Nations Population Fund, a group called Population Matters, another group called the World Population Balance and the Center for Biological Diversity. All of these groups deal with the issue of overpopulation and the effects that overpopulationRead MoreOverpopulation a Problem?1464 Words   |  6 PagesIs Overpopulation a Serious Problem? This question seems to be question that is asked quite frequently lately. In the last two centuries, population has skyrocketed. In 1800 the world population was only at 1 billion, and today its estimated that the world population exceeds six billion people. With overpopulation, many problems have arisen. Some believe that overpopulation is the reason for world hunger, global population will reach crisis proportions by 2050, and some believe that overpopulationRead MoreThe Problem Of Overpopulation And Overpopulation872 Words   |  4 PagesHuman overpopulation. Human population can be defined as the condition whereby, the total count of the human inhabiting a certain area exceeds the carrying capacity of the area Bongaarts, (2011). This brings out an issue of the carrying capacity of the region which alludes to the number of individuals who can inhabit a certain area for a given period. It may also be looked at as the situation whereby the available renewable resources in a certain area can satisfactorily support the current populationRead MoreThe Problem Of The Overpopulation Problem1122 Words   |  5 PagesPerhaps one solution for the overpopulation problem is to provide all children, who have reached puberty with Reproductive Education License of Four (REL4). REL4 is a two-step solution program that will provide education and contraception, which will decrease the population growth. Jennifer Weeks (2015) article, â€Å"Global Population Growth,† discusses the number of women without access to birth control. Research conducted by a nonprofit organization showed nearly 225 million women globally, includingRead MoreOverpopulation : The Convoluted Problems Of Overpopulation896 Words   |  4 PagesOverpopulation The convoluted problems concerning overpopulation remain to be a highly discussed issue in various countries throughout the world. Some issues that are in support of overpopulation include the opportunity to place innovative ideas into action, aids in stimulating the economy, creates job openings in new growing industries, increased human resources, encourages competition, advancement in urbanization and development, creates a demand for industries like farming, and allows for cheaperRead MoreOverpopulation Is Still The Problem1201 Words   |  5 PagesIn the article Overpopulation Is Still the Problem, Alon Tal (2013) claims that overpopulation remains the number one problem facing the world today and discusses various problems and possible solutions. Tal unveils the falsely assuring news stories refuting overpopulation as a problem. He particularly dissects Ellis Erle’s assertions, in the New York Times, concerning China’s seemingly magical works of technology. Erle comes to the conclusion that China’s amazing technology has and will always be

Sprint and Verizon Vertical and Horizontal Analysis free essay sample

The vertical analysis for Sprint’s balance sheet shows that over 60% of the company’s assets are held in its wireless licenses with the FCC and property, plant and equipment, neither of which is readily liquid. Also, 54% of the Sprint’s liabilities are long-term debt. These items show the company may be at risk to repay its debt. The horizontal balance sheet analysis for Sprint shows that assets generally increased in 2009 and liabilities overall decreased in 2009. The vertical income statement for Sprint shows a decrease in the company’s net loss as a percent of revenues over the past two years and the horizontal analysis shows a decrease in revenues in 2008 and 2009 from 2007, but also resulted in lower expense and lower net loss. The vertical analysis for Verizon’s balance sheet shows 72% of the company’s assets are held in its wireless licenses with the FCC and property and equipment. Like Sprint, neither of these assets is highly liquid to pay off debt if needed in the short term. We will write a custom essay sample on Sprint and Verizon Vertical and Horizontal Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Verizon’s liabilities are evenly distributed with only 31% held in long term debt. The vertical income statement for Verizon shows a decrease in net income of approximately 2% year over year as a percentage of revenue. The horizontal income statement shows 2009 resulted in the same year financially as 2007 after an increase in revenues and net income in 2008. Standard Poor’s Industry Survey’s page on their website provides †information about the current industry environment, industry trends, key industry ratios and statistics, how to analyze a company, a glossary of terms and a comparative company financial analysis†

Taxation Divident Policy

Question: Describe about the Taxation for Divident Policy. Answer: Income tax is the most significant source of income in Australia and is imposed at the federal level. It is levied on three sources of the individual: business income, capital gain and personal income. The taxable income of an assessee is assessed in calculated in an abroad sense after applying allowable deductions against it. The report consists law relating to taxation applicability on funeral income and trading stock. The applicable law has been explained and the relevant sections and case law have also been discussed in the report. The connectivity between facts of questions and relevant case laws has been included in the report for a better understanding. Part A Facts of the case: The fee received by RIP Ltd. is payable under 30 days invoice and the income through RIP Finance Pty Ltd who provide finance to the company is received under instalment repayment plan. The other income is received through the funeral plan in which client make a timely contribution to meet their funeral cost. In case the amount is not paid them time and completely, the received amount is retained by the company. Applicable Provisions: As per section 6(5) of Income Tax assessment act, assessable income comprises income according to ordinary concepts called ordinary income. In case a person is an Australian resident than the income derived directly or indirectly from all the sources is included in assessable income (Barkoczy, 2016). The facts of case Brent v FC of T71 ATC 4195 are related to the facts of question which concludes that in absence of specific provisions, the ordinary commercial and trading principals will be applied. Hence, according to the above provisions the income through RIP Pty Ltd. will be treated as income generally and the income relating to the funeral plan will be treated as income from the funeral and related activities. (b) Case law: Arthur Murray (NSW) Pty Ltd. v FCT (1965) 114 CLR 314 (Full High Court) Arthur Murray who was involved in the profession of giving dance lessons received payment regarding its services in advance. The students were not having a contractual right to receive a refund in case they are not able to attend classes in future. The return filed to be the assessee included all the income on receipt basis (Prepaid Income Arthur Murray Case, 2012). The court concluded that the income received in advance should be included in assessable income subject to the contingent part that is refunded in case the taxpayer is not able to provide the services. Conclusion As the receipts received from the funeral plan are not refunded to the client in case they are not able to pay further receipts; it is same as in the case of Arthur Murray. Hence, the case law will be applied to income under the funeral plan and not to other income earned by the taxpayer because the relevant facts are similar to that part only. (c) There are two methods available for accounting to an assessee: a cash basis and non-cash basis (accruals). In case the total turnover of a business is less than $2 million, the taxpayer can use either method of accounting. Cash Basis: This accounting method can be applied in the case of individual, partnership, trust or company when the aggregate turnover is less than two million or the taxpayer account for tax on a cash basis or in case the assessee has asked to be allowed to account on a cash basis (Barrett, 2012). The advantage available in this system is a flow of money is better aligned with the activity statement liabilities which makes easy to manage cash flow. It can be clearer with an example- Mr Y who is a sales manager has received a salary of one month for next year in advance. As cash basis is applied the salary of one month will be included in assessable income even the services have not been rendered yet. Non-cash Basis: This method is used mainly by large business. In this system, the financial statement covers the period in which tax invoice has been issued or received. It can be said that in this method income and expenses are recorded when the bill is issued or received and not when the bill is actually paid (Taylor and Richardson, 2013). The drawback available in this method is that the revenue is being tracked and not the cash which is difficult for small business. For example- Aryan carries a business of set-top boxes and in case the customer pays in advance for more than one year, an additional discount of 10% is provided. In this case, even though the amount is received for more than one year, the amount relevant to the present year will only be included in assessable income. 2. Provisions: Section 104.150 of Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 deals with forfeiture of deposit: CGT event HI. According to the above section CGT event, HI comes into existence when a deposit paid is forfeited because a prospective sale or other transaction does not proceed. It includes the amount repaid by you or compensation that can be reasonably regarded as repayment for total or part of deposit (Taylor and Richardson 2013). According to (1A), the amount is transferred to forfeited account after reducing the amount repaid by the client and compensation paid by the client which can be regarded as repayment for all the deposit. The payment can include giving property. As per section 103.5 (1B); the deposit is not reduced by the portion of payment that can be deducted (Richardson and et.al. 2014). The capital gain will arise in case deposit is more than expenditure in the case with prospective sales or other transaction and capital loss vice versa. Conclusion: In the present question, total obligation is not met by RIP Ltd and the amount is transferred to forfeited account. The balance available in Forfeited account is $16200 during the year. Hence, provision of section 104.150 will be applicable to the balance available in forfeited account. Part B Case Law Ballarat Brewing Co. Ltd v FCT It has been concluded by the high court in Australia that only the discounted price should be assessed on the taxable income of a trader regarding sales. The case involved sales of trading stock with a discount for prompt payment, but the discount was almost allowed even though the terms on which it was offered were not met(The Ballarat Brewing Company Limited v. Commr. of Pay-roll Tax (Vic.)., Supreme Court of Victoria, 28 August 1979.Wolters Kluwer, 2012). The decision, in this case, is limited to the cases where all the facts are similar and for the general proposition that trader may include sales in taxable income after giving the effect of the certainty of not receiving the total amount of sales in each transaction. The available exception to the general proposition is that virtual certainty exists on the basis of past experience that the amount of discount will not be received by the trader. Conclusion In the present case, as the caskets and accessories were acquired by the company for business purpose and not for selling to another party, it will be included in trading stock according to section 70.10 of Income Tax Assessment Act 1997. The general tax treatment of the section will be applied in which deduction is allowed regarding the cost of purchase. In case the value of closing stock is more than opening stock the difference is assessable and in another case the difference is deductible (Grant and McLarty, 2014). As per the decision of prescribed case law, the amount of stock will be accounted after deduction of discount. The objective behind it is presenting the correct reflection of expenditure done for acquiring the stock. (ii) Provisions of section 44 of Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 are applied regarding taxation treatment of dividend. According to the provision, the dividend is assessed when paid and it includes distributed as well as credited. A dividend should be recognised only when they are non-revocable by the company (Dividend policy, 2013). Therefore, the dividend income will be included in assessable income of the taxpayer in the year in which it is received or credited to the account of the taxpayer (Taxation of Dividend, 2014). (iii) Treatment for rental paid for storage space during the year. According to the provision of Australian taxation law, business or individual is allowed to claim rental expenses in revenue nature (Woellner and et.al. 2012). Decline in value of capital cannot be claimed as a deduction. An amount of $57000 was paid by the organisation as rental of two years. As per the given facts, $9500 was expensed and $47500 was capitalised in accounts. Hence, according to the provision, the amount of $9500 will be charged as revenue expenditure and the remaining cannot be claimed as a deduction as per decline as it is a decline in the value of capital expenditure. (IV). Facts The managing director of RIP Ltd commenced long service leave for three months and the same was paid $21000. Provision and Conclusion According to the provision of 83.7 of Income Tax Assessment Act which consists provision relating to long service leave. The subsection of the above section will be applied to leave which has to comply with a provision of section 83.1. According to the section long leave, furlough and extended leave are also held in long service leave. In case an employee is complying the norms of commonwealth law and state of territory law (Jansen and Vuuren 2016). As per the provisions of section 83.7 and 83.8, which is a part of the employee and the amount paid will be included in assessable income of the taxpayer. The total amount of $22000 will be included while assessing income i.e. $22000. Answer (v) The deduction that can be availed under head capital expenditure consists extension or improvement of building, renovation in the structure of the building, improvement in environmental protection. The deduction rate 2.5% and 4% will be applied according to date on which work was started (Binning and Young, 2015). In above case, the organisation will be entitled to claim a deduction of 4% of the amount incurred for construction work according to Division 43of ITAA 97 (Waller, 2012.). The another criteria necessary for claiming the deduction is that the company should ascertain is that whether the building is qualified as per Sec 43-150 of ITAA 1997. The explanation of the relevant section of Income Tax Assessment Act has been provided in the report. Penal provisions are available in case the law is not followed. Research and analysis of relevant cases are done so that it could be connected with the report. The report consists details regarding relevant case laws has been described in the report. The report presents the standard norms to be followed by the organisation in compliance with taxation law of Australia. References: Books Journal Barkoczy, S., 2016. Core tax legislation and study guide. OUP Catalogue. Barrett, J. 2012. Democratic discourse, taxation and hypothecation. J. Austin. Tax'n.14. P.89. Binning, C. and Young, M., 2015. TALKING TO THE TAXMAN ABOUT NATURE CONSERVATION_Proposals for the introduction of tax incentives for the protection of high conservation value native vegetation. Grant, D. and McLarty, R.. 2014. Business focus. Oxford University Press. Jansen van Vuuren, D., 2016. Valuing specialised property: cost vs profits method uncertainty. Journal of Property Investment Finance. 34(6). Richardson, G. and et.al. 2014. Corporate profiling of tax-malfeasance: A theoretical and empirical assessment of tax-audited Australian firms.eJournal of Tax Research,12(2), P.359. Taylor, G. and Richardson, G. 2013. The determinants of thinly capitalised tax avoidance structures: Evidence from Australian firms. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation. 22(1).Pp.12-25. Waller, V. 2012. The challenge of institutional integrity in responsive regulation: Field inspections by the Australian taxation office. Law Policy, 29(1). Pp.67-83. Woellner, R. And et.al .2016. Australian Taxation Law 2016. Oxford University Press. Woellner, R. and et.al. D., 2012. Australian Taxation Law Select: legislation and commentary. CCH Australia. Online Dividend policy: (2013) [Online] Available through. https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/03074350710715773. [Accessed on 14th September 2016]. Prepaid Income Arthur Murray Case. (2012). [Online]. Available through https://www.stptax.com/tax-tips/prepaid-income-arthur-murray-case/. [Accessed on 14th September 2016] Taxation on Dividend. (2014) [Online] Available through. https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/itaa1936240/s44.. [Accessed on 14th September 2016]. The Ballarat Brewing Company Limited v. Commr. of Pay-roll Tax (Vic.)., Supreme Court of Victoria, 28 August 1979.Wolters Kluwer. (2012). [Online]. Available through https://www.iknow.cch.com.au/document/atagUio551703sl16860459/the-ballarat-brewing-company-limited-v-commr-of-pay-roll-tax-vic-supreme-court-of-victoria-28-august-1979. [Accessed on 14th September 2016]